Explain How Own Practice Can Affect the Development of...

Explain how own practice can affect the development of children: My role as a nursery teacher at Zeeba Daycare can have a very big impact on the development of children in my classroom. It is well known that children often observe what others do and many times will imitate actions they have observed, so it is very important that I set a good example and be a good role model as I could set a good foundation for the development of a child’s behaviour and morals. It is important to teach children that all people are important and valuable, no matter what their gender, race, ability or background is and that it is important to respect and support others that are different to us. Therefore I can affect their development in many good ways by†¦show more content†¦I need to gain children’s trust and respect to be able to provide best developmental opportunities for them that is why children are assigned a key worker to ensure warm and mutual relationships can be built and developing good relationships with both the child and their parents. It is very essential to use appropriate language (I must always address the children and the adults politely and using the correct terms, we often speak to children in their home languages too if it is other than English). We also use communication books to for each child, this makes it easy for parents/ carers to communicate messages to a child’s key worker and to inform them of their child’s daily activities at nursery. This helps to build a good positive relationship with parents/carers and also offers us the opportunity to include parents in the further development of their child at home too. (Parents and practitioners can have a lot to learn from each other). Understanding the EYFS is essential as my observations and reports about children have to be accurate and objective to avoid bias and show a full ‘map’ of child’s development in all the different areas. I have to make sure that my observations are always a true record of what is taking place (e.g. tempting to add something what may make moreShow MoreRelatedLevel 3 Diploma998 Words   |  4 PagesUnit 030 Outcome 1: . 1.1. Describe the social, economic and cultural factors that will impact on the lives of children Look at the factors below how will could they affect a child’s life; * Education; poor education could effect future goals and aspirations * Disability; unable to access certain services or activities * Poverty; poor health and hygiene, lack of activities and experiences being accessed * Housing; poor health, unable to develop fully. * Offending behaviour;Read MoreCache Level 3 Diploma for the Children and Young Peoples Workforce (Qcf) England1555 Words   |  7 Pageswork competence in own work role.   1.  Describe the duties and responsibilities of own work role.      2. Explain expectations about own work role as expressed standards.  Ã‚      2.  To be able to reflect on practice.      2.1.  Explain the Importance of reflective practice in continuously improving the quality of service provided.      2.2.  Demonstrate the ability to reflect on practice      2.3.  Describe how own values, belief systems and experiences may affect working practice.      3.  Ã‚  To be ableRead MoreThe On The Skin You Live By Michael Taylor976 Words   |  4 Pagesare beneficial and relevant to children all over the world (Davis, 2011). For the math activity, I chose an activity that came from China, it is called Five-Up Dominos. The children will use their math skills and practice addition and multiplication. For the science activity, the students will do an experiment called Save the Flag. This activity teaches students how to preserve certain material such as a countries flag. For the social studies activity, the children will make a garland of flagsRead MoreExplain how own working practice can affect children and young peoples evelopment1171 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Explain how own working practice can affect children and young people’s development (CYP 3.2 -4.1) Introduction: As a practitioner it’s your duty to observe and maintain correct procedures to ensure that the children are offered a stimulating environment which will further allow optimum possibilities for development. All those who work with or amongst children and young people have a crucial role to play in helping not only to shape aspects of their lives, but to also aid in enhancing theirRead MorePsychology and Care Plan Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pagesassess the development needs of children or young people and repare a development plan. 1.1 – Explain factors that need to be taken into account when assessing development. * Progress * Improvement * Behaviours * Look at goals within care plan are they on track? * What activities they are partaking in and how well are they dealing with them. * Whether they are interested, compliant and accepting or not. 1.2 – Assess a child or young person’s development in followingRead MoreLesson Plan By Michael Taylor1038 Words   |  5 Pagesto involve learning students cognitively, emotionally, and physically. These lessons demonstrate learning experiences that are beneficial and relevant to children all over the world (Davis, 2011). For the math activity, I chose an activity that came from China, it is called Five-Up Dominos. The children will use their math skills and practice addition and multiplication. For the science activity, the students will do an experiment called we are all the same inside. This activity teaches studentsRead MoreWorking With Children And Young People1748 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 087: Work with Children and Young People in a Residential Care Setting 1 Understand the legal, policy, rights and theoretical framework for residential care for children and young people 1.1 Explain Current theoretical approaches to residential provision for children and young people: Attachment theory – a model of psychology that tries to how long-term and short-term interpersonal relationships between people develop. Separation/Loss theory tries to explain the insecure attachment behaviourRead MoreUnderstand Child and Young Person Development1415 Words   |  6 Pagesperson’s development Unit 4222-344 1) Explain the importance of a person centred and inclusive approach and give examples of how important this is implemented in your work ( L.O2.3) A person centred approach should involve supporting a young person and focus on their needs and interests rather than what the worker perceives as important. All activities should be available to everyone, and particular activities are targeted at specific children, you must also consider how an activityRead MoreBetter and Practice1604 Words   |  7 Pages1. Describe the duties and responsibilities of your own work role * Following all policies and procedures at all times. * Keeping the boys safe from harm and abuse. * Follow care plans and behaviour support plans. * Keep the health and safety of the house and the surroundings. * Keeping the house clean and tidy. * Supporting the boys to independence. * Cooking and shopping. * Giving the relevant medication. * Writing the correct paperwork / daily logs. *Read MoreDefinition of Development Appropriate Practice1100 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopmentally appropriate practice for Health, Safety and Nutrition prepares students from early childhood through a group of basic information and theory, practices, and requirements for establishing and keeping safety, healthy learning environment and good nutrition through the training of children to pay attention to their health and their nutrition and safety. Definition of Development appropriate Practice : The definition of developmentally appropriate practice (DAP) is â€Å" a framework of

Cross Cultural Communication Strategy Between The Roaring...

Cross-Cultural Communication Strategy: The Roaring Dragon Hotel and Hotel International Prasanna Baganagarapu Sullivan University MGT 510 Executive Summary This proposal is meant to provide a cross-cultural communication strategy between the Roaring Dragon Hotel (RDH), and the Hotel International (HI). RDH is one of the original three-star hotels in southwest China and a state owned enterprise (Grainger, 2008). This proposal will address the issues that come when failing to recognize cultural differences. In addition, the proposal will address the importance of involving the employees in important management decisions. These recommendations will provide a win-win situation, thus a healthy work†¦show more content†¦163). In addition, Guanxi is â€Å"personal, reciprocal and more long-term oriented† (Yang, 2011, p. 164). RDH depended on their social connections when conducting business. In 2002, Paul Fortune, the HI general manager was assigned to take over RDH management. Fortune’s challenge was to transform laid-back family-based employees, into professional, dynamic employees working under an international organizational management style. Fortune’s goal was that within two years the local Chinese employees could be transformed to world-class hotel employees. He introduced a two month training to search for employees that could handle these changes (Grainger, 2008). The majority of the employees had hard time adapting to the much sophisticated management style, especially the older employees. Many employees with important guanxi resigned or transferred to other hotels. Moreover, along with this process RDH lost one of its important client, the travel agency Nu Fu, because of lack of cultural understanding. Overall, the new management disregarded the Chinese business culture, and lacked communication with its employees. Problem: Lack of Cultural Understanding The organization culture of RDH and HI were completely different. RDH’s organizational culture was constructed by guanxi. The employees did not have work professionalism and lacked discipline. They did not show any effort to beat competition.

Julius Caesar And Romeo Essay Example For Students

Julius Caesar And Romeo Essay A pair of star-crossed lovers, Romeo and Juliet. From the openingscenes of the play these two children of feuding families were destined to fallin love together and eventually die together. How does the reader see this? Howdo we know it was fate which triggered these events? Coincidence caused thedeath of these two lovers. For this reason Romeo and Juliet is one ofShakespeares great tragedies. For coincidence to have caused the death of Romeoand Juliet it must have been evident in the events leading up to their deaths. These events include their meeting and falling in love, their separation, theirreunion and finally their suicides. Solving the ancient feud between theirfamilies was the only real result of these untimely deaths. How did Romeo andJuliet meet? Was it by fate or could it have been avoided? Romeo and Julietcould not have avoided coming in contact with each other, they were broughttogether by uncontrollable circumstances. In Romeo and Juliets time Verona (acity in Italy approximately 100 km west of Venice) was a fair sized city, andbumping into an acquaintance was unlikely. During the course of ActI, Scene II, the contrary had happened, and happened by chance. As Romeo andBenvolio were nearing a public area they were stopped by a Capulet servant. After Romeo had read the guest list to the Capulet party and the servant was onhis way, Benvolio suggested that to relieve himself of his sadness for Rosaline,Romeo should go to the party and compare Rosaline to the other female guests. Romeo agreed Another example of coincidence is evident here. If Rosaline had notbeen attending, Benvolio would not have thought anything of the party. Duringthe Capulets ball Romeo and Juliet had seen each other, once this happened,there was no force that could have stopped them from falling in love. Theencounter with the servant in the city set off an unlikely chain of events. Given the information following, none of these events could have been altered oravoided . And for that offense immediately we do exile him hence,(Romeo and Juliet, III, II, 191-192). Romeos banishment and the fate involvedwith it is a prime factor in the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Why banishment? InAct I, Scene I the Princes words were quite the contrary. Was it intentionalthat a man of such high standard would go back on his word? Perhaps. Romeosexile poisons all possibility of happiness for himself and Juliet. His exilecauses Juliet great sorrow, greater then if he had been executed, as stated byJuliet in Act III, Scene II, lines 130-131. Juliets sorrow drives her to obtaina knockout potion from Friar Laurence which, in effect causes Romeoto make some important decisions regarding his well being. Romeos banishment(brought about by the death of Tybalt) initiated the Friars scheme whicheventually leads the two lovers to their deaths. In reuniting the two lovers,timing played the lar gest role in deciding if they would live or die. FriarLaurence had two chances to deliver the message to Romeo regarding Julietspresent state. The first and most practical method of sending this message wasthrough Romeos man, Balthasar. The second method was to send themessage with Friar John. Timing was an important factor in both of these events. Friar Laurence had missed his opportunity to send the message with Balthasar andreverted to sending it with Friar John. As fate would have it, Friar John waslocked up in a condemned house because of the plague. As a result Romeo receivedincorrect information. The only information he received from the unsuspectingBalthasar was that Juliet was dead. There are two important points to note inthis area of the play. One being the reference to star-crossing made by Romeowhen he heard of Juliets death. Is it even so? then I defy you,stars. (Romeo and Juliet, V, I, 24). The second being that when Romeoreceived the poison he states Come cordial, and not poison, go withthee. (Romeo and Juliet, V, I, 85). This is coincidental to what Juliethad said earlier, in Act IV, Scene III, when she drinks to Romeo. Cordial meanshearty, or sincere. When someone drinks to someone else it is usually in goodhealth. The reuniting of the two lovers in such circumstances (Romeosunawareness) could only have happen ed as it did by timing. One could ask what ifthe friar had left early?, or what if the friar had caught Balthasar and givenhim the message? Because of bad timing neither happened. Coincidence is acontrolling element regarding the deaths of Romeo and Juliet, more so than inother areas of the play. The following examples also deal withclose-calls, which involve timing as well as coincidence After Romeohad slew Paris and entered the tomb and found Juliets seemingly dead body, heuttered some interesting words. Death that hath sucked the honey of thybreath, hath had no power yet upon thy beauty. Thou art not conquered; beautysensign yet is crimson in thy lips and cheeks. (Romeo and Juliet, V, III,92-95.). Here Romeo is saying how alive Juliet looks. All he had to do was touchher and she may have been awakened and the play would have ended without atragic closing.

Slaughterhouse Five Essays - Counterculture Of The 1960s

Slaughterhouse Five This first chapter, a preface, is insistent on the fact that the book is based on real events. Vonnegut, like our narrator, is a veteran of World War II, a former prisoner of war, and a witness to a great massacre, and that fact lends a certain authority to what follows. Vonnegut shares with us his enduring inability to render in writing the horror of Dresden. There is nothing intelligent to say about a massacre, yet he feels the need to say something. The book unabashedly charts the author's struggle to find a way to write about what he saw in a way that neither belittles nor glorifies it. This struggle we keep in the back of our minds as we proceed to read of Billy Pilgrim's life. The author also irrevocably creates himself as a character in the narrative. It is Kurt Vonnegut, the writer, the former POW, who speaks of the many times he has tried and failed to write this book. It is Kurt Vonnegut, too, who utters the first "So it goes" after relating that the mother of his taxi driver during his visit to Dresden in 1967 was incinerated in the Dresden attack. "So it goes" is repeated after every report of every death. It becomes a mantra of resignation, of acceptance, of a supremely Tralfamadorian philosophy (something we will be introduced to later). But because the phrase is first uttered by Vonnegut writing as Vonnegut, each "So it goes" seems to come directly from the author and from the world outside the fiction of the text. Chapter One also hints that time will be an important part of the fiction to follow. The author was going around and around in circles trying to create a linear narrative. He felt like he was stuck inside a children's song that continued indefinitely, its last line maddeningly serving as also as its first. Only when he begins to think about static time, about returning endlessly to the events of one's life, about moments existing for eternity in no particular order, is he able to break through twenty years of frustration and write Slaughterhouse Five.

What Is the Difference Between Self-Interest and Greed free essay sample

In order to help make clear the difference of greed and incentives, this paper will discuss a quote from Adam Smiths book, Wealth of Nations, along with discussing innovation, the difference of acting in ones self interest and being greedy, and fairness or greed in free market systems. Greed and incentives are two terms that each play a role in the other. Incentives are sometimes rewarding and sometimes unrewarding. Greed is taught to be a bad quality to children: but is greed really bad? By taking an economical perspective of greed and incentive, one can see how each play a vital role in the free market society. Define Greed and Incentives Greed is a strong and selfish need for something, such as, power and wealth, with the intentions to keep it for their own self. Greed can cause people to stop at nothing to obtain what they desire most, without considering the consequences that may come along with their quest to obtain the thing they want most. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Difference Between Self-Interest and Greed? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Incentive is what motivates and encourages someone to do something. Incentives are used to persuade people in to doing something. For example, if you have ever purchased a kids meal just to get the toy, you purchased it with the incentive of receiving. Incentives can be negative or positive. Negative incentives punish someone financially for making certain choices and behaving a certain way. Positive incentives, forever, reward someone financially for making certain choices or behaving in a certain way (Economic Incentives in Our Community). Greed and incentives have some similarities, such as, both are only concerned about with self-interest. They are also different, greed is the selfish desire, whereas, incentives are the motivations. Incentives are what cause people to be greedy. Adam Smiths quote. It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that We expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address ourselves, not to their humanity but to their self-love, and never talk to them f our necessities but of their advantages (Smith, 21). This quote is a great example of how greed plays a role in our society. The butcher, the brewer, and the baker have a business to run and people to support. They do not operate just to provide goods to people, they have started their business with the intent to make money. One could say that they are greedy and only care for their wellbeing because they are selling what they make in order to gain money. Smith is claiming that free trade among the members of a society inevitably leads to an outcome that is good for the society as a whole, even Hough each individual pursues only his own selfish gain (Buchanan). If an individual can profit by manufacturing some product or supplying some service he or she will do so. The ability to make profit proves that other members of the society must want those goods or services. If you consider this, the society needs will be met through the pursuit of individual self- interest, or greed. The incentive to make a profit is what pushes someone to make the goods or services. Without the incentive of profits no one would provide goods or services. Discuss innovation: Would humankind still be tuck in the stone age if we did not have the incentives provided by profits? Innovation is a driving factor in our economy. Without incentives of profit innovation would not matter. Under capitalism, Innovative activity which in other types of economy is fortuitous and optional becomes mandatory, a life-and-death matter for the firm. And the spread of new technology, which in other economies has proceeded at a stately pace, often requiring decades or even centuries, under capitalism is speeded up remarkably because, quite simply, time is money (Bamboo, 1). Without incentive provided by profit we loud not have the great country we call America. The incentive of profit is what paved the way for our free market capitalism. Is there a difference between acting in ones self interest and being greedy? If so whats the difference? Is acting in ones self interest good? Is greed good? There is no difference in acting in ones self interest and being greedy. As stated earlier, greed is a selfish need for something and to keep it for ones self. To answer the question; is acting in ones self interest good, you must consider Adam Smiths quote; It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or he baker that we expect out dinner, but from their regard to their own self- interest. The butcher, brewer, and baker are all acting in their self-interest, which is good for them; but is it good for everyone else? The answer must be yes, because people are willing to buy the goods or services that these people make. As mentioned earlier, free trade among the members of a society though each individual pursues only his own selfish gain. By using this for the basis of the question, yes, greed and acting in ones self interest is good. Do the incentives of the free market promote fairness or greed? Incentives of the arrest promote both greed and fairness. According to Milton Freedman, The world runs on individuals pursuing their separate interest. Pursuing ones self interest is the same as greed. But when you consider history, and our economy, the only cases where people have escaped severe poverty are in nations that have free market economies. Because of the free market system, prices are set for goods and services freely by consent between sellers and consumers, fairness is achieved. But the desire for someone to start producing a good is caused by the incentives from the profits, caused by the greedy desire of wanting to make more money. Conclusions Incentive and greed play a large role in a free market society. Without the incentive of profits people may not help grow the economy by producing goods or services. Greed is a driving factor in our economy. As Milton Freedman said, The world runs on individuals pursing their separate interest. Adam Smith also realized that people acting out of greed would help society as a whole. Greed is what shaped the free market economy, greed is what helped America become the great nation it is today, because after all, greed is the pursuit of ones self interest, whereas, incentives are what motivates people to become greedy. References Bamboo, W. (2002).

Migration flows are increasingly differentiated. The WritePass Journal

Migration flows are increasingly differentiated. Introduction Migration flows are increasingly differentiated. , p. 1). It is arguable whether this is easily attainable given that â€Å"international migration is incredibly diverse, fluid and fast changing† (Boswell and Geddes, 2010, p. 3). Various laws and regulations have been enacted, which are primarily intended to govern entry into and exit from the territories of states, yet some are more restrictive than others (Guild and Minderhoud, 2011, p. 166). The fact that states have the ability to refuse entry to persons from different jurisdictions is said to allow states to maintain their sovereignty. This was recognised by Adelman (1998, p. 19) when it was pointed out that: â€Å"even if a state has absolute sovereign authority to control the entry of refugee claimants, they must preserve international order which is in everyone’s self interests.† Yet, it is important that those fleeing from persecution are provided with adequate protection from the State in which they enter. Therefore, although states generally have the ability to control migration flows, they may also have to adhere to their international obligations (Human Rights Education Association, 2011, p. 2). This often produces problems since it is not always easy to establish whether a person has fled from persecution or left voluntarily. These uncertainties produce much difficulty and although states must protect the human rights of migrants (The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), it is evident that the protection of migrants is currently inadequate (Amnesty International, 2009, p. 1). Asylum Flows Migrants are not receiving the support they need from states and national laws and procedures currently act as a barrier to the rights of migrants. This is largely due to the different migration flows that exist and the inability to address mixed migration flows effectively (Betts and Loescher, 2010, p. 320). The treatment of those claiming asylum in the UK provides a clear example of the difficulties that arise when it comes to analysing and regulating global migration. Thus, refugees often use the same routes and means of transportation when entering states as other migrants and because of this, it is extremely difficult to distinguish between them (Gibney, 2004, p. 12). As a result, â€Å"refugee was a term increasingly associated with dishonesty in the notion of ‘bogus’ asylum seekers† (Ryan and Webster, 2008, p. 3). This has an overall impact upon the proper regulation of migration, which is evident in the UK where asylum seekers are required to attain citize nship. Hence, a British Territories Overseas Citizenship or British Overseas Citizenship must be established, yet as contended by Bussutil (1990, p. 286): â€Å"claims cannot be decided with any ease, and great difficulties may be experienced.† This occurs in relation to the ‘qualifying period’ of five years and the additional ‘probationary citizenship’ period that is required prior to qualification for naturalisation. Although this accurately reflects the contemporary relationship between those people subjected to legal regulation and the state, it is questionable whether this relationship is appropriate in modern day society where states are callable of realising their international obligations. Global Migration and Regulation It is extremely difficult to ensure the proper regulation of global migration, yet â€Å"the Government started to respond to the increase in asylum applications in the 1980’s† (Sales, 2007, p. 1953). Nation States have since made great attempts to regulation immigration to their countries through â€Å"imposition of employer sanctions, phasing in and out of temporary foreign worker admission policies, legislations, measures against human trafficking, and measures concerning refugees and asylum seekers† (Castles and Miller, 2009, p. 205). The Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2009 seeks to ensure that the UK is fully implementing its international obligations, but given that the five year requirement can be waived by the Secretary of State is required, it is evident that each case can be decided on its own facts. Regardless, constraints and limits are still being placed upon liberal government in relation to those claiming asylum in the UK and as noted by A delman (1998, p. 19): â€Å"even if a state has absolute sovereign authority to control the entry of refugee claimants, they must preserve international order which is in everyone’s self interests.† He also added that: â€Å"a liberal state does not, however, have absolute sovereign authority, not only with respect to its own members, particularly in areas such as providing aid to refugees, but also with respect to stateless individuals or individuals who come from states which have failed to provide protection.† Arguably, it is evident that although the UK is capable of regulating domestic obligations in respect of asylum seekers, international order must still be preserved. It is questionable whether such international obligations are currently being preserved given that asylum seekers are restricted by domestic legislation. It is argued by Ellermann (2009, p. 2) that: â€Å"illegal immigrants often succeeded in preventing the state from exercising its sovere ign powers† since those who have no claims against the state are most likely to be able to frustrate state control. Arguably, state sovereignty is often undermined by international obligations as states are required to allow immigrants to cross their borders if it is considered to be in their interests. Balance? The new Points Based System (PBS) in the UK was introduced in order to regulate and control the existing mixed migration flows. Previously, citizens could apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain in the UK after spending five years living there, yet it is now a requirement under the Act that five years residence will only lead to â€Å"probationary citizenship† which would be capable of leading to full citizenship once a number of â€Å"points† have been earned. This new system is beneficial for the economy as it prevents migrants from becoming dependent on the State and enables a distinction to be made between the different types of migrants. As Woolas (2010, p. 1) believes: â€Å"Migration only works if it brings benefits and these measures will ensure that only those migrants that make a positive impact on their local community will be able to stay in the UK.† The Act will consequently prevent those migrants who are not beneficial to the UK’s economy from a cquiring citizenship since â€Å"unlimited migration places unacceptable pressure on public services, school places, and the provision of housing, causing problems for certain local communities† (Home Office: 2010). Too much restriction should not be placed upon the flow of migrants, however since â€Å"migrant workers in recent years have provided a significant boost to UK economic growth† (Balakrishnan, 2006, p. 2). Essentially, it is thereby important that a balance is struck between giving migrant workers the ability to acquire citizenship and preventing those that seek to rely on the State from being admitted unless they are genuinely fleeing from persecution. In Omojudi v United Kingdom Application No. 1820/08, 24 November, 2009 it was held by the court that a violation of the rights of immigrants under international law can only be justified if the aims being pursued are proportionate in view of the breach that has occurred. A justification will, as put by Stone (2010; p. 352); â€Å"require that the differential treatment has a legitimate aim and that there is a reasonable relationship of proportionality between the means employed and the aim pursued.†   Therefore, unless a State has a legitimate aim for refusing migrants citizenship, then this will not be justified. This certainly allows greater fairness to be ensued. In Cabales and Balkandali v United Kingdom (1985) 7 EHRR 471 it was held that a refusal would need â€Å"very weighty reasons† before a violation of any rights under the European Convention of Human Rights 1951 could be justified. Difficulties still exist in relation to border control, nonetheless, and it seems as though greater emphasis needs to be placed upon â€Å"exit checks and proper border controls† (Huhne: 2010, p. 2). The UK is the most vulnerable State that attracts migrants and because of this, it is even more important that the flow of mixed migrants is being controlled and managed effectively. It was stated by Shah (2002, p. 315) that: â€Å"the complexity of immigration control has therefore to keep pace with a highly mobile world where global communications at all levels and in all forms are easily exploited by criminal gangs and desperate individuals.† Conclusion Overall, it is often very difficult for states to properly regulate and manage migration flows because of the fact that they are increasingly differentiated. This is widely due to the problems that are caused by trying to distinguish between the different types of migrants. In addition, even when a distinction can be made, domestic legislation often conflicts with international obligations. As such, states are required to preserve international order in cases of confliction which often prevents them from implementing proper regulatory practices. In order to manage migration flows effectively, it is necessary for all states to co-operate and establish a common approach to migration management. This will ensure that that the rights of migrants are being protected, whilst also preserving national security. Hence, because of the problems that are caused by the lack of certainty surrounding refugee’s and asylum seekers, it is necessary for clearer guidance to be provided, which wil l enable a distinction to be made between the different types of migrants. This is necessary in certifying on the one hand that the rights of migrants are protected, and on the other than an overflow of migrants does not occur. References Adelman, H. (1998) Refuge or Asylum A Philosophical Perspective, Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 1, Number 1. Amnesty International., (2009) World Refugee Day: Lives in Danger as Governments Deny Refugees Protection in Europe, amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/world-refugee-day-lives-danger-governments-deny-refugees-protection-euro [Accessed 14 October 2013]. Balakrishnan, A., (2006). Immigrants Help the Economy Grow by 3%. The Guardian, guardian.co.uk/business/2006/oct/27/politics.thinktanks [Accessed 13 October 2013]. Betts, A., and Loescher., (2011) Refugees in International Relations, Oxford University Press. Boswell, C., and Geddes, A., (2010) Migration and Mobility in the European Union, Palgrave Macmillan, 1st Edition. Busuttil, A. (1990) Immigration Problems and DNA Profiling, Journal of the Law Society of Scotland, (1990) 35 JLSS 286. Castles, S., and Miller, M. J., (2009) The Age of Migration, Fourth Edition: International Population Movements in the Modern World. Compas., (2013) Flows and Dynamics, compas.ox.ac.uk/research/dynamics/ [Accessed 23 November, 2013]. Ellermann, A. (2009) Undocumented Migrants and Resistance in the State of Exception, University of British Columbia, Available unc.edu/euce/eusa2009/papers/ellermann_02G.pdf [Accessed 13 October 2013]. Gibney, M. J., (2004) The Ethics and Politics of Asylum: Liberal Democracy and the Response to Refugees, Cambridge University Press.    Guild, E., and P., Minderhoud, (2011) The First Decade of EU Migration and Asylum Law, Martinus Nijhoff. Huhne, C., (2009). Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009. Scottish Human Rights Law Group, shrlg.org.uk/2009/07/30/borders-citizenship-and-immigration-act-2009/ [Accessed 15 October 2013]. Human Rights Education Association, Refugees and Displaced Persons, (1996-2011), hrea.org/index.php?doc_id=418 [Accessed 15 October 2013]. Ryan, L., and Webster, W., (2008) Gendering Migration: Masculinity, Femininity and Ethnicity in Post-War Britain, Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Sales, R., (2007) Understanding Immigration and Refugee Policy: Contradictions and Continuities, Policy Press, Political Science. Stone, R., (2010) Textbook on Civil Liberties, 8th edition, OUP Oxford. Woolas, P., (2010). Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009. The Guardian, guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/feb/13/civil-liberties-immigration [Accessed 13 October 2013]. Migration flows are increasingly differentiated. Introduction Migration flows are increasingly differentiated. , p. 1). It is arguable whether this is easily attainable given that â€Å"international migration is incredibly diverse, fluid and fast changing† (Boswell and Geddes, 2010, p. 3). Various laws and regulations have been enacted, which are primarily intended to govern entry into and exit from the territories of states, yet some are more restrictive than others (Guild and Minderhoud, 2011, p. 166). The fact that states have the ability to refuse entry to persons from different jurisdictions is said to allow states to maintain their sovereignty. This was recognised by Adelman (1998, p. 19) when it was pointed out that: â€Å"even if a state has absolute sovereign authority to control the entry of refugee claimants, they must preserve international order which is in everyone’s self interests.† Yet, it is important that those fleeing from persecution are provided with adequate protection from the State in which they enter. Therefore, although states generally have the ability to control migration flows, they may also have to adhere to their international obligations (Human Rights Education Association, 2011, p. 2). This often produces problems since it is not always easy to establish whether a person has fled from persecution or left voluntarily. These uncertainties produce much difficulty and although states must protect the human rights of migrants (The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights), it is evident that the protection of migrants is currently inadequate (Amnesty International, 2009, p. 1). Asylum Flows Migrants are not receiving the support they need from states and national laws and procedures currently act as a barrier to the rights of migrants. This is largely due to the different migration flows that exist and the inability to address mixed migration flows effectively (Betts and Loescher, 2010, p. 320). The treatment of those claiming asylum in the UK provides a clear example of the difficulties that arise when it comes to analysing and regulating global migration. Thus, refugees often use the same routes and means of transportation when entering states as other migrants and because of this, it is extremely difficult to distinguish between them (Gibney, 2004, p. 12). As a result, â€Å"refugee was a term increasingly associated with dishonesty in the notion of ‘bogus’ asylum seekers† (Ryan and Webster, 2008, p. 3). This has an overall impact upon the proper regulation of migration, which is evident in the UK where asylum seekers are required to attain citize nship. Hence, a British Territories Overseas Citizenship or British Overseas Citizenship must be established, yet as contended by Bussutil (1990, p. 286): â€Å"claims cannot be decided with any ease, and great difficulties may be experienced.† This occurs in relation to the ‘qualifying period’ of five years and the additional ‘probationary citizenship’ period that is required prior to qualification for naturalisation. Although this accurately reflects the contemporary relationship between those people subjected to legal regulation and the state, it is questionable whether this relationship is appropriate in modern day society where states are callable of realising their international obligations. Global Migration and Regulation It is extremely difficult to ensure the proper regulation of global migration, yet â€Å"the Government started to respond to the increase in asylum applications in the 1980’s† (Sales, 2007, p. 1953). Nation States have since made great attempts to regulation immigration to their countries through â€Å"imposition of employer sanctions, phasing in and out of temporary foreign worker admission policies, legislations, measures against human trafficking, and measures concerning refugees and asylum seekers† (Castles and Miller, 2009, p. 205). The Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2009 seeks to ensure that the UK is fully implementing its international obligations, but given that the five year requirement can be waived by the Secretary of State is required, it is evident that each case can be decided on its own facts. Regardless, constraints and limits are still being placed upon liberal government in relation to those claiming asylum in the UK and as noted by A delman (1998, p. 19): â€Å"even if a state has absolute sovereign authority to control the entry of refugee claimants, they must preserve international order which is in everyone’s self interests.† He also added that: â€Å"a liberal state does not, however, have absolute sovereign authority, not only with respect to its own members, particularly in areas such as providing aid to refugees, but also with respect to stateless individuals or individuals who come from states which have failed to provide protection.† Arguably, it is evident that although the UK is capable of regulating domestic obligations in respect of asylum seekers, international order must still be preserved. It is questionable whether such international obligations are currently being preserved given that asylum seekers are restricted by domestic legislation. It is argued by Ellermann (2009, p. 2) that: â€Å"illegal immigrants often succeeded in preventing the state from exercising its sovere ign powers† since those who have no claims against the state are most likely to be able to frustrate state control. Arguably, state sovereignty is often undermined by international obligations as states are required to allow immigrants to cross their borders if it is considered to be in their interests. Balance? The new Points Based System (PBS) in the UK was introduced in order to regulate and control the existing mixed migration flows. Previously, citizens could apply for Indefinite Leave to Remain in the UK after spending five years living there, yet it is now a requirement under the Act that five years residence will only lead to â€Å"probationary citizenship† which would be capable of leading to full citizenship once a number of â€Å"points† have been earned. This new system is beneficial for the economy as it prevents migrants from becoming dependent on the State and enables a distinction to be made between the different types of migrants. As Woolas (2010, p. 1) believes: â€Å"Migration only works if it brings benefits and these measures will ensure that only those migrants that make a positive impact on their local community will be able to stay in the UK.† The Act will consequently prevent those migrants who are not beneficial to the UK’s economy from a cquiring citizenship since â€Å"unlimited migration places unacceptable pressure on public services, school places, and the provision of housing, causing problems for certain local communities† (Home Office: 2010). Too much restriction should not be placed upon the flow of migrants, however since â€Å"migrant workers in recent years have provided a significant boost to UK economic growth† (Balakrishnan, 2006, p. 2). Essentially, it is thereby important that a balance is struck between giving migrant workers the ability to acquire citizenship and preventing those that seek to rely on the State from being admitted unless they are genuinely fleeing from persecution. In Omojudi v United Kingdom Application No. 1820/08, 24 November, 2009 it was held by the court that a violation of the rights of immigrants under international law can only be justified if the aims being pursued are proportionate in view of the breach that has occurred. A justification will, as put by Stone (2010; p. 352); â€Å"require that the differential treatment has a legitimate aim and that there is a reasonable relationship of proportionality between the means employed and the aim pursued.†   Therefore, unless a State has a legitimate aim for refusing migrants citizenship, then this will not be justified. This certainly allows greater fairness to be ensued. In Cabales and Balkandali v United Kingdom (1985) 7 EHRR 471 it was held that a refusal would need â€Å"very weighty reasons† before a violation of any rights under the European Convention of Human Rights 1951 could be justified. Difficulties still exist in relation to border control, nonetheless, and it seems as though greater emphasis needs to be placed upon â€Å"exit checks and proper border controls† (Huhne: 2010, p. 2). The UK is the most vulnerable State that attracts migrants and because of this, it is even more important that the flow of mixed migrants is being controlled and managed effectively. It was stated by Shah (2002, p. 315) that: â€Å"the complexity of immigration control has therefore to keep pace with a highly mobile world where global communications at all levels and in all forms are easily exploited by criminal gangs and desperate individuals.† Conclusion Overall, it is often very difficult for states to properly regulate and manage migration flows because of the fact that they are increasingly differentiated. This is widely due to the problems that are caused by trying to distinguish between the different types of migrants. In addition, even when a distinction can be made, domestic legislation often conflicts with international obligations. As such, states are required to preserve international order in cases of confliction which often prevents them from implementing proper regulatory practices. In order to manage migration flows effectively, it is necessary for all states to co-operate and establish a common approach to migration management. This will ensure that that the rights of migrants are being protected, whilst also preserving national security. Hence, because of the problems that are caused by the lack of certainty surrounding refugee’s and asylum seekers, it is necessary for clearer guidance to be provided, which wil l enable a distinction to be made between the different types of migrants. This is necessary in certifying on the one hand that the rights of migrants are protected, and on the other than an overflow of migrants does not occur. References Adelman, H. (1998) Refuge or Asylum A Philosophical Perspective, Journal of Refugee Studies, Volume 1, Number 1. Amnesty International., (2009) World Refugee Day: Lives in Danger as Governments Deny Refugees Protection in Europe, amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/world-refugee-day-lives-danger-governments-deny-refugees-protection-euro [Accessed 14 October 2013]. Balakrishnan, A., (2006). Immigrants Help the Economy Grow by 3%. The Guardian, guardian.co.uk/business/2006/oct/27/politics.thinktanks [Accessed 13 October 2013]. Betts, A., and Loescher., (2011) Refugees in International Relations, Oxford University Press. Boswell, C., and Geddes, A., (2010) Migration and Mobility in the European Union, Palgrave Macmillan, 1st Edition. Busuttil, A. (1990) Immigration Problems and DNA Profiling, Journal of the Law Society of Scotland, (1990) 35 JLSS 286. Castles, S., and Miller, M. J., (2009) The Age of Migration, Fourth Edition: International Population Movements in the Modern World. Compas., (2013) Flows and Dynamics, compas.ox.ac.uk/research/dynamics/ [Accessed 23 November, 2013]. Ellermann, A. (2009) Undocumented Migrants and Resistance in the State of Exception, University of British Columbia, Available unc.edu/euce/eusa2009/papers/ellermann_02G.pdf [Accessed 13 October 2013]. Gibney, M. J., (2004) The Ethics and Politics of Asylum: Liberal Democracy and the Response to Refugees, Cambridge University Press.    Guild, E., and P., Minderhoud, (2011) The First Decade of EU Migration and Asylum Law, Martinus Nijhoff. Huhne, C., (2009). Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009. Scottish Human Rights Law Group, shrlg.org.uk/2009/07/30/borders-citizenship-and-immigration-act-2009/ [Accessed 15 October 2013]. Human Rights Education Association, Refugees and Displaced Persons, (1996-2011), hrea.org/index.php?doc_id=418 [Accessed 15 October 2013]. Ryan, L., and Webster, W., (2008) Gendering Migration: Masculinity, Femininity and Ethnicity in Post-War Britain, Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Sales, R., (2007) Understanding Immigration and Refugee Policy: Contradictions and Continuities, Policy Press, Political Science. Stone, R., (2010) Textbook on Civil Liberties, 8th edition, OUP Oxford. Woolas, P., (2010). Borders, Citizenship and Immigration Act 2009. The Guardian, guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/libertycentral/2009/feb/13/civil-liberties-immigration [Accessed 13 October 2013].

Old Testament Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Old Testament - Essay Example Marvin Pope’s article on Euphemism elaborates the degree to which this played a role in both the New and the Old Testament. The article espouses the biblical usages of euphemism and dysphemism in a detailed manner, concluding with a note on the way the languages have grown from the biblical days. Kiyoshi K Sacon writes about the Japanese scholarship of the Old Testament with specific information on the early growth of Christianity in the Far East. Any reader would certainly know about the dedication of the early day post-apostolate period and how tough it had been to spread the religion in a land that was not particularly conducive for it. Though there are two articles on Sorcery and magic, the one by Joanne Kuemmerlin-McLean on Magic: Old Testament talks about the details of punishments and crimes of magic. Numerous articles address specific interest areas and common topics such as Jesus and spread of Christianity. The Anchor Bible Commentary Series has been taken for the current work. This book is a study of various books on the bible and bible classics; the commentaries of various scholars are included in the book. Edited by and guided by W F Albright and edited later by Freedman. This comprises of three basic units and every unit has a large number of volumes specifically addressing the books of interest. The first of the series comprises of volumes that cover the Hebrew Bible. The second set of books cover the New Testament and finally, the third set covers the Intertestamental Books. Though there are a huge number of books on every one of these classifications, a number of authors have contributed to cover all the major topics in these books. In the Old Testament, I chose the two volume commentary on Book of Proverbs, author: Michael V Fox. The first volume covers Proverbs 1-9, in this new translation and commentary. In page 79, the author talks of the Proverbs have, having stemmed